What steps do you take to locate primary and peer-reviewed research articles when performing a literature search?

What resources are available to you to engage in a meaningful and successful literature search?

As you have explored throughout this course, Walden University provides vast resources for student support to ensure success in their academic program of study. When it comes to research and using Library resources, several support mechanisms are available to you as well.

Taking the first step to think about a research topic or area of interest and filtering that topic using a series of keywords and operations will be a fundamental component for performing a literature search in Walden Library’s databases. While the ultimate goal is to produce a set or results that match your search criteria, you must keep in mind that that the quality of the research articles obtained will likely vary. Thus, you must critically examine and analyze the aims of the research produced and how it aligns, confirms, or negates your topic or area of research. As you develop proficiency in this area, you will discover that you can extract content themes and frameworks to enhance future research and the need to identify additional research support.

For this Assignment, consult the Walden Library webinars and resources provided. These resources serve as a general good first step for performing literature searches and engaging with the databases of research available to you. Think about a research topic or area of interest to focus on for this Assignment. Then, search the Walden Library to locate and retrieve peer-reviewed research articles that pertain to your topic or area of interest. 

6-paragraph assignment in which you do the following:

•  a 1-pararaph introduction of how you conducted your literature search and the databases consulted in your search in relation to your practice area or area of interest. Be specific and provide examples.
• a 1-paragraph summary of each of the articles you have selected (a total of 3 paragraphs).
•  1 paragraph that synthesizes the three articles using a scholarly voice.
•  a final paragraph in which you discuss the differences between summarizing and synthesizing research. Be specific and provide examples.

• Shea, C. M., Jacobs, S. R., Esserman, D. A., Bruce, K., & Weiner, B. J. (2014). Organizational readiness for implementing change: A psychometric assessment of a new measureLinks to an external site.. Implementation Science, 9(7), 1–15.
• Walden University. (2021). DNP capstone resources NURS 8702 and NURS 8703Links to an external site.. Office of Research and Doctoral Studies. https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/research-center/program-documents/dnp-8702-8703
• Walden University. (n.d.). Subject research: Nursing.Links to an external site. Walden Library. https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/library/subject/nursing
• Walden University. (n.d.). Using evidence: Synthesis.Links to an external site. Writing Center. https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/synthesis
• Westlake, C. (2012). Practical tips for literature synthesis. Clinical Nurse Specialist,Links to an external site. 26(5), 244–249. https://doi.org/10.1097/NUR.0b013e318263d766

Assignment Guide: The Persuasive Letter

Assignment Prompt

For this assignment, you will be writing a letter compelling a friend or family member to change either a behavior or a belief with which you disagree. Choose your own topic, but for example, this letter could petition an enthusiastic neighbor to scale down his blinding Christmas decorations, an immature cousin to take a gap year between high school and college, a grandparent to vote to pass the new school district budget, a friend to stop drinking, or a spouse to reconcile with an estranged sibling. Because the letter will be written to an individual of your choosing, you must tailor your 
language and 
logic to the person to whom you are writing. 

Assignment-Specific Requirements:

Length: This assignment should be at least 750 words. 

Thesis

: Underline your 
thesis statement or the main 
claim of your letter.

Sources Needed: None required. 
Cite if used, following 
MLA guidelines. 

Page Formatting: Use 
MLA guidelines.  Also add an opening salutation (e.g. Dear Sarah, or Hello, Jon.), and a closing salutation & signature (Best regards, Tom or Sincerely, Liza)

MLA

 Requirements: See 
Formatting your Essay: MLA 8th Edition

Rhetorical Mode

The goal of 
persuasive writing is to get a 
reader (your 
audience) to agree with your 
point of view. 
Persuasive writing blends facts and emotion to convince the 
reader that the writer is right. This 
genre relies on opinion and emotion to a greater extent than argumentative writing, but in moving a 
reader, the successful persuasive letter also deploys logically sound 
argumentation and quite often researched support and fact. 

Rhetorical Considerations

Purpose:

The purpose of 
drafting a persuasive letter is to move your 
reader to agree with your 
point of view. 
Persuasion is single-minded; it is based on a conviction that a particular way of thinking or acting is the only way to go; all of the energy of the letter works toward this end. As a writer, you will present one side–your side. While an 
opposing point should be mentioned, it is only mentioned to be refuted or dismissed in the service of your position.  

Audience:

Persuasive writing is almost always written with a particular 
audience in mind.  For this piece of writing, you will direct your persuasive letter to one person. Thus, your 
audience is not imagined, but rather very real, and that person and their characteristics will inform many of the choices you make as a writer. The persuasive letter requires constant negotiation with another person’s mind. At every phase of the writing process, as you prewrite, draft, and 
revise, this assignment will ask you to imagine and anticipate how your 
reader feels, responds, and thinks.   

Form:

This piece of writing will be presented using a letter format.  Thus, while you still need an 
MLA–
style heading to format your work for submission, you will address your letter directly to your 
reader with a formal letter salutation. 

Five Features of a Persuasive Letter

1.
Rhetorical Situation: 
Persuasive Writing vs. Argumentative Writing: 
Persuasive writing, in a way, is a form of argumentative writing; however, the goal of 
persuasive writing is to get a 
reader or group of readers to agree with you/your 
point of view on a particular topic, and the goal of argumentative writing is to get the 
reader to acknowledge that your side is valid and is worth considering. 
Persuasive writing blends facts with emotion in an attempt to convince the 
reader that the writer is “right,” while in argumentative writing, the writer cites relevant reasons, credible facts, and sufficient 
evidence in order to convince the 
reader to consider a particular perspective. The nuances are subtle but important to consider. (Later in this course you will be crafting an argument and will see the differences in these genres of writing with greater clarity. The letter makes balanced use of the three rhetorical appeals to persuade a 
reader to change a behavior or belief.  The three appeals, which come to us from that consequential deceased Greek, Aristotle, are: 

1.

1.

Ethos

: a writer’s or speaker’s credibility. In your letter, therefore, 
ethos is you, sort of. It’s the “you” that your writing transmits to your 
reader, the sum total of your 
tone and 
language choices, and also the values and intelligence that your writing communicates. Therefore, be vigilant with your work because 
ethos is the appeal that’s most immediately harmed by faulty word choices, punctuation mistakes, and lapses in 
tone. 

2.

Pathos

: the appeal to a 
reader’s emotions and values. Get your 
reader to feel. Play (in a non-evil way) on their emotions–their compassion, their fears, their sense of community.   

2.

Logos

: the appeal to a 
reader’s 
logic or reason.  Ensure your 
claims are logical, free of fallacies, and backed with specific support.  

3.

Organization

: Organize using argumentative structure: an 
introduction with a 
thesis/main 
claim, body paragraphs that advance points in support of the 
thesis/main 
claim, and a 
conclusion. 

2.

Transition

s: Uses 
transitional phrases to connect your ideas and move the 
reader forward smoothly and logically between sentences. 

3.
Known 

Audience

: The letter’s appeals are personalized to the 
reader’s characteristics–their professional role and its obligations, as well as their values and emotions. 

4.
Formal or Informal Writing? The 
tone of the letter depends upon the recipient and your relationship and also upon 
subject matter. The 
tone should enhance the letter’s persuasive efforts, not undermine them. Always strive for a respectful approach.

Mini-Lesson on 

ETHOS

 – 

PATHOS

 – 

LOGOS

Plan to use these appeals heavily throughout your Persuasive Letter.

Ethos This is an  ethical appeal. It relies on your reliability and credibility as the author.	· Includes  reliable sources · Is written from an unbiased perspective · Shows the writer’s expertise through the presentation of careful insight and research
Pathos This is an  emotional appeal. It relies on the construction of careful connection between the  claims presented and the emotions of the readers.	· Includes the writer’s values and beliefs · Uses stories or examples that convey emotion · Contains broader appeal and  focus
Logos This is an appeal to  logic and reason. It relies on facts and figures that can convince the  reader of the  claims.	· Relies on fact and opinion · Focuses on reasonable  claims and  organization of ideas · Only includes relevant material with a  narrow  focus

WEEKLY ETHICS QUESTIONS

1.
Physicians frequently receive medication samples from pharmaceutical reps. These samples are often distributed to patients. Patients may not be charged for these samples, although an administration fee may be charged if the drug must be delivered in an injection. It could also include special grafting material. In this case, the physician could charge for applying the graft, but not for the graft material.

It is allergy season and a close friend has asked if you can obtain samples for the symptoms since the friend is not employed and cannot afford to purchase from the pharmacy.

Would it be appropriate to do this since there was no cost to the physician? If not, how would you respond to the friend?

2.
Physicians have been caught charging for the samples. Your physician instructs you to charge the patient for the free sample because the practice needs the money & the patient “probably won’t know the difference”. How would you handle such a request?

3.
Search the internet for “Anti-kickback statue” and “Stark” violations. These are federally mandated guidelines that are subject to severe penalties for violations.

Now apply to the following scenario:

A pharmaceutical rep offers the physician tickets to a major sporting event if the physician will agree to purchase all of their drugs from this rep. If the physician accepts, will this violate one of these federal guidelines?

 

Wilson is a 36-year-old migrant worker. He was admitted to the Hospital with a cough, unintended weight loss, and night sweats. He is staying with 6 friends in a one bedroom apartment near the strawberry field where he works. The ED physician suspects Tuberculosis (TB).

• What diagnostic testing will the Provider order to confirm a diagnosis of TB?
• What Isolation precautions do you expect to be put in place and why?
• Describe the recommended treatment regimen for TB, including the rationale for combination drug therapy.
• Identify the reason compliance to medication therapy is often a concern in the patient with TB.
• What should be done for Wilson’s 6 roommates?

See attachement for instructions