Discussion 1

Every day, people make choices that affect their physical health and wellness. Some choices are influenced by the environment and social factors, which in turn contribute to people’s health outcomes. Healthcare professionals (i.e., physicians, nurses, dietitians, sports medicine, etc.) are responsible for their own health by making decisions and practicing behaviors that enhance their wellbeing. Healthcare professionals also have a responsibility to their clients. While responsibilities may vary among healthcare professionals, it is important the healthcare team is alert to clients’ nutrition problems and needs.

After studying 

Module 1: Lecture Materials & Resources
, answer the following:

1. In one paragraph, give at least 2 examples of how culture, society, politics, or religion influences your nutrition. Discuss the role that food plays in your family or personal life.

2. Navigate to 
Your Digestive System and How it Works: 

https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/digestive-system-how-it-worksLinks to an external site.
 View the webpage and share in 1 paragraph at least 1 example of something your learned about the digestive system.

3. Search the internet for 1 example of an over-the-counter medication designed to treat common digestive problems such as heartburn, constipation, diarrhea, and hemorrhoids. Write 1 paragraph describing a) appropriate and inappropriate uses for this medication, and b) adverse health implications associated with misuse and/or overuse of this product.

Discussion 2

Carbohydrates have received a bad reputation, especially when it comes to their role in weight gain. All carbohydrates are not bad and the primary role of carbohydrates in the body is to supply the cells with glucose for energy. One type of carbohydrate is sugar. Some people are unaware that instead of avoiding all sugars, they can choose to include natural sugars found in vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and fruit. On the other hand, most people know that too much fat poses health risks, but may be surprised to learn that too little does, too.

After studying 

Module 2: Lecture Materials & Resources
, answer the following:

1. Navigate to My Plate: 

https://www.myplate.gov/Links to an external site.
 and to the Diabetes Plate: 

What is the Diabetes Plate Method?Links to an external site.
 (diabetesfoodhub.org) then, submit at least 1 paragraph comparing both for

A. similarities

B. differences

C. share who should follow MyPlate and who should follow the Diabetes Plate method?

2. Navigate to the American Heart Association: 

http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Links to an external site.
 and to the National Cancer Institute: 

http://www.cancer.govLinks to an external site.
, submit a 1 paragraph analysis on the relationships between dietary fats and the risk of heart disease, cancer, or type 2 diabetes (choose one).

3. Choose a food label from your favorite snack, and take a picture of the Nutrition Facts on the food label. Navigate to the U.S. Food & Drug Administration, “Interactive Nutrition Facts Label: 

https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/InteractiveNutritionFactsLabel/#introLinks to an external site.
 Choose one ingredient from your label. Share with the class one (1) health fact and (1) action step you learned about that ingredient in the interactive site.

4. Explain the differences between high-quality and low-quality proteins, and well-balanced vegetarian diets.

Discussion 3

The body manages its energy supply with amazing precision. Consider that many people maintain their weight within about a 10- to 20-pound range throughout their lives. How do they do this? How does the body manage excess energy? How do bones, muscle, fat, fluid, and other tissue influence our body composition? However, overweight, and underweight both result in energy imbalance. Almost 42% of adults aged 20 and above are overweight placing them at risk of developing chronic diseases that affect quality of life.

After studying 

Module 3: Lecture Materials & Resources
, answer the following:

1. Conduct a nutrition/survey interview with 2 athletes and ask them a) what protein or amino acid supplements they use in their diet? and b) why do they use those supplements? Then, navigate to: 

www.quackwatch.orgLinks to an external site.
 and enter the name of the supplement. Provide 1 paragraph with your analysis of the products and what you found out about the products’ nutritional characteristics (see Chapter 5, page 132 of your textbook).

2. Search the internet for a popular weight-loss program (i.e., Jenny Craig, Weight Watchers, etc.), and submit 1 paragraph with the following:

A. describe the diet plan

B. evaluate whether the plan offers a nutritionally reliable way to lose weight or is it a Fad Diet (see Chapter 7, Table NP7-1, page 193 of your textbook)

3. In 1 paragraph, describe type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes by providing:

A. characteristics

B. definition

C. causes & symptoms (see Chapter 20, Table 20.2, page 564 of your textbook).

 

 Develop an 8- to 10-slide PowerPoint presentation in which you:

• Describe the history and evolution of databases. Address each of the following:
• Flat files
• Early data management systems
• Relational database systems
• NoSQL
• Compare open source database systems to commercial database systems.
• Analyze the benefits and challenges of open source database systems and commercial database systems. Be specific and provide examples.
• Analyze the use of databases as the foundation for health-related information systems. Be specific and provide examples.
• Provide current references within 5 years in APA style at the end of your presentation—the reference slide or slides do not count toward your assignment total. 

this is due by 8/30 at 12 pm EST

APA format to include 3 scholarly sources for references

  

Scenario: An 83-year-old resident of a skilled nursing facility presents to the emergency department with generalized edema of extremities and abdomen. History obtained from staff reveals the patient has history of malabsorption syndrome and difficulty eating due to lack of dentures. The patient has been diagnosed with protein malnutrition.

Post an explanation of the disease highlighted in the scenario you were provided. Include the following in your explanation:

· The role genetics plays in the disease.

· Why the patient is presenting with the specific symptoms described.

· The physiologic response to the stimulus presented in the scenario and why you think this response occurred.

· The cells that are involved in this process.

· How another characteristic (e.g., gender, genetics) would change your response.

Week 6 ion channel —2 Peer Response 600w. due 10-12-23

Please read and respond to at least two of your peers' initial postings. You may want to consider the following questions in your responses to your peers:

· Compare and contrast your initial posting with those of your peers.  

· How are they similar or how are they different?

· What information can you add that would help support the responses of your peers?

· Ask your peers a question for clarification about their post.

· What most interests you about their responses? 

Please be sure to validate your opinions and ideas with citations and references in APA format.

IA

This is a very interesting case since Sam is only 19 years old and has a history of major depressive disorder (MDD) and also generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). At a glance, I noticed that his behavior has highs and lows since he has gone from being violent by throwing a chair at a store window to having a “resounding moment” where everything makes sense. Among many other clues, this leads me to believe Sam can be newly diagnosed with bipolar disorder with manic episodes.

After consulting our DSM-5-TR book on page 140, I also realized Sam presents multiple symptoms that represent the diagnosis of bipolar disorder. To start Sam preceded a “psychotic breakdown” along with a history of MDD. He has also presented physiologic changes like diminished sleep, and other signs, and symptoms of a manic episode (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5-TR 2022). It also appears he is more talkative than usual by engaging his colleagues for long hours in conversation. Adding on to his symptoms it also appears he has engaged in high-risk behaviors such as drinking and sexual relations which was not his norm before. He has thought of himself as being better than the professors which match the ideas of grandiosity.

At first, I wasn’t sure which medication to prescribe, but it seems he would benefit from lithium since lithium is an antimanic medication primarily used to treat bipolar disorder(Lithium, 2022). Sources such as MedlinePlus indicate lithium is a mood stabilizer and works by releasing dopamine and serotonin in the brain (Lithium: MedlinePlus Drug Information 2023). Just like this case, I have seen many but now I see things differently since I know more in-depth the signs and symptoms as well as researching the proper medication.

References:

Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5-TR (5th ed.). (2022). . American Psychiatric Association Publishing.

Stahl, S. M. (2021). Stahl’s essential psychopharmacology: The Prescriber’s Guide (7th ed.). Cambridge University Press.

Townsend., K. I. M., Mary C. (2020). Essentials of Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing, 8th edition. F.A. Davis.

MAM

Week 6, Medication for Bipolar Disorders

What diagnosis do you believe may apply to this individual?

The patient is a young boy presenting with a 'psychotic break,' characterized by reckless behaviors, sudden and unconventional decision-making (such as changing his major in university), distractibility, reduced need for sleep, a heightened sense of knowledge and grandiosity (believing he can teach courses in the university), and unusual beliefs regarding the nature of reality and his newfound appreciation for life. He is also engaging in high-risk behaviors, including excessive drinking, sexual activity, violence, increased spending, and initiating numerous projects without completing any. These symptoms are indicative of a manic episode (if they present more than a week).

Considering the patient's history of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and anxiety disorder, the diagnosis of Bipolar I Disorder (BPD) has been established. It is crucial to first rule out any medical problems, brain trauma, substance abuse, and other mental disorders that may be included in the differential diagnosis of BPD. The primary distinction between bipolar I and II lies in the nature of the manic or hypomanic episodes. In bipolar I disorder, individuals experience full manic episodes that typically last for at least one week. On the other hand, bipolar II disorder is characterized by hypomanic episodes, which are milder in intensity and shorter in duration, lasting no more than four days (Stahl, 2021).

Beyond this key difference, there are also variations in the clinical course and family history associated with these two subtypes. Individuals with bipolar II disorder tend to receive their diagnosis later in life, and their first experience of hypomania occurs at an older age compared to those with bipolar I disorder. These distinctions in age of onset and diagnostic patterns contribute to the differentiation between bipolar I and II disorders (Brancati et al., 2023).

Manic often presents with the feeling of being extremely important and having a very high opinion of oneself, sometimes to the point of having false beliefs about one's capabilities (Howse et al., 2023). In this case, the patient believes he is capable of teaching at the university. An experienced Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP) can conduct a thorough history assessment to determine whether the psychosis is linked to brain traumas, substance use, schizoaffective disorders, or BPD.

What classifications of medications can be used to treat this disorder? Which medication do you recommend and why?

When the patient is diagnosed with Bipolar disorder, it indicates the need for mood stabilizers. Various mood stabilizers are available, including Lithium, Lamotrigine, Valproic Acid, and Carbamazepine. According to Stahl (2021), Lithium is considered the foundational and standard treatment for bipolar disorder and acute mania. However, this medication comes with several potential side effects, such as tremors, nephrotoxicity (Diabetes Insipidus), hypothyroidism, dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, weight gain, hair loss, acne, sedation, decreased cognition, and incoordination. It can also lead to EB Stain anomalies in the fetus if taken during pregnancy.

Lithium additionally has a very low therapeutic index, signifying that the lethal dose of this medication is very close to the therapeutic level in the blood. Therefore, monitoring of blood levels of this medication is crucial throughout the treatment process. Regular assessments of kidney function, thyroid hormone levels, and electrolytes are also necessary. Lithium effectively stabilizes mood and reduces the severity of manic episodes (Stahl, 2021). Alongside medication, psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy or family-focused therapy, plays an essential role in treatment. It is equally important to educate the patient's family members about the disease and the treatment process.

References

Brancati, G. E., Nunes, A., Scott, K., O’Donovan, C., Cervantes, P., Grof, P., & Alda, M. (2023). Differential characteristics of bipolar I and II disorders: a retrospective, cross-sectional evaluation of clinical features, illness course, and response to treatment. International Journal of Bipolar Disorders, 11(1), 25. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40345-023-00304-9

Howse, J., Kanter, J., Muhammad, Q. C., & Wojcik, K. D. (2023). Mood disorders with psychotic features: Diagnostic considerations and treatment challenges. Psychiatric Annals, 53(4), 160-165. https://doi.org/10.3928/00485713-20230313-01Links to an external site.

Stahl, S. M. (2021). Stahl’s essential psychopharmacology: Neuroscientific basis and practical application (5th ed.).