Identify an article that is at least five years old.
Summarize the statistical findings and discuss the significant it has
on nursing.
Please post your initial post by Wednesday midnight with 400 words and
one scholarly article.
Advanced Psychopharmacology and Health Promotion
Unit 7 Medications for Psychosis and Schizophrenia Related Disorders 600W. APA. 4 references due 10-17-23.
Answer the following questions:
Which antipsychotics are considered first-generation and why are they used less often than second generation antipsychotics? Are second-generation antipsychotics more effective?
Compare and contrast the following conditions: Tardive Dyskinesia, Acute Dystonia, Athetosis, and Tics.
Responses need to address all components of the question, demonstrate critical thinking and analysis and include peer-reviewed journal evidence to support the student’s position.
Please be sure to validate your opinions and ideas with in-text citations and corresponding references in APA format.
Use as a guide please do not copy this information. Also please use the textbook
1. Which antipsychotics are considered first-generation and why are they used less often than second generation antipsychotics? Are second-generation antipsychotics more effective? First generation antipsychotics, also referred to as “typical antipsychotics” were developed in the 1950s. Commonly prescribed first-generation antipsychotics include: Loxitane (loxapine); Mellaril (thioridazine); Moban (molindone); Navane (thiothixene); Prolixin (fluphenazine); Serentil (mesoridazine); Stelazine (trifluoperazine); Trilafon (perphenazine); and Thorazine (chlorpromazine). These first-generation antipsychotics are used less often than second generation antipsychotics because these medications have a high risk of side effects and some of those side effects can be severe. Second-generation antipsychotics, also known as “atypical antipsychotics,” were developed in the 1980s. Second-generation antipsychotics have more metabolic symptoms, including obesity, diabetes and hyperlipidemia (Heldt, 2017; Stahl et al., 2021). Side effects from first-generation antipsychotics include extrapyramidal effects, such as tardive dyskinesia, rigidity, tremors, and seizures. There is no evidence that second generation antipsychotics are significantly more effective than first generation antipsychotics in the treatment of cognitive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia (Stahl et al., 2021; Stroup, et al., 2003). 2. Compare and contrast the following conditions: Tardive Dyskinesia, Acute Dystonia, Athetosis, and Tics. Tardive dyskinesia is one of the symptoms of long-term use of a first -generation antipsychotic. It is a condition where there is constant or rhythmic involuntary movements that usually involves the muscles of the mouth. It can appear as lip smacking, chewing, excessive eye blinking, grimacing. These symptoms appear slowly over time. Tardive dyskinesia will not go away once the antipsychotic is stopped, it can become irreversible if present for too long. The risk of a patient developing tardive dyskinesia goes up with every year of continuous treatment. TD is specific to the use of antipsychotics (Heldt, 2017). Acute dystonia can develop within the first few hours of a patient receiving an antipsychotic. It is a sustained and painful involuntary contraction of a muscle group- usually involving the face or neck muscles. This is an easily reversible side effect and is managed with an anticholinergic drug such as Benadryl or Cogentin. This condition This study source was downloaded by 100000769192234 from CourseHero.com on 10-16-2023 17:34:58 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/123197773/Discussion-7docx/ can resolve within a few minutes of proper medication and will not leave any long-term effects (Heldt, 2017). Athetosis is slow, involuntary, writhing movements of fingers, hands, toes and feet. Patients with this condition cannot maintain a stable or still position and when patients attempt to try to control the movements, symptoms can get worse. Athetosis is often a longterm symptom of continued use of first-generation antipsychotics (Holland, 2018). Tics are distinguished from EPS symptoms by the fact that tics are most commonly brief movements are able to be suppressed. Tics are sudden, rapid and repetitive movement (motor tics) or vocalizations (vocal tics). Those with tics feel the urge building up inside them before the tic appears, they these individuals report a feeling of relief after the tic is over. Although tics are involuntary, tics stop during sleep and patients can suppress the urge for short periods of time with effort (Martino, 2020). Heldt, J. P. (2017). Memorable psychopharmacology. Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. Holland, K. (2018, July 18). What Is Athetosis? Healthline; Healthline Media. https://www.healthline.com/health/athetosis Martino, D. (2020). Update on the Treatment of Tics in Tourette Syndrome and Other Chronic Tic Disorders. Current Treatment Options in Neurology, 22(4). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11940-020-0620-z Stahl, S., Muntner, N., & Grady, M. M. (2021). Stahl’s essential psychopharmacology: Neuroscientific basis and clinical applications (5th ed.). Cambridge University Press. Stroup, T. S., McEvoy, J. P., Swartz, M. S., Byerly, M. J., Glick, I. D., Canive, J. M., McGee, M. F., Simpson, G. M., Stevens, M. C., & Lieberman, J. A. (2003). The National Institute of Mental Health Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE)
What do the four parts of the Christian biblical narrative (i.e., creation, fall, redemption, and restoration) say about the nature of God and of reality in relation to the reality of sickness and disease? From where would one find comfort and hope in the light of illness according to this narrative? Explain in detail each part of the narrative above and analyze the implications.
Complete the ATI Systems Disorder template for your assigned infection topic. Every box on the template must be completed, a citation is needed for every box, and your reference list must be included (APA).
After studying Module 4: Lecture Materials & Resources, discuss what the nursing’s role is and/or should be in decision making regarding selecting information systems.
Please see the attachment for the instructions
Using at least 1 current (within the past 5 years), relevant, peer-reviewed resources, create a literature review that does the following:
Attached is a copy of Part 1 of this project thaty has been submitted related to medication errors. Please review to follow the related topic for literature review.
Atopic Eczema
Instructions: Select one of the topic mentioned below and discuses filling the attached form.
Topics:
Strep Pharyngitis in 8 years old
Requirements
Ø The discussion must address the topic
Ø Rationale must be provided
Ø Use at least 600 words (no included 1st page or references in the 600 words)
Ø May use examples from your nursing practice
Ø Formatted and cited in current APA 7
Ø Use 3 academic sources, not older than 5 years. Not Websites are allowed.
Ø Plagiarism is NOT permitted
Read the following case and answer reflective questions.Provide evidence based rationals for your answers APA 7th forma and scholarly references no older than 5 years old
CASE STUDY: Preschool Child: Ricky Ricky, age 4 years, arrives in the clinic with his mother. Ricky lives with his mother and father, who both work full-time, and his infant sister. Their extended family lives in a different state more than 100 miles away. Both parents are of average height and in good health. Ricky’s mother mentions that Ricky often expresses frustration, particularly in regard to food. Conflict over food occurs every day. Mealtime is a battle to get him to eat, unless his mother feeds him. Ricky’s baby sister seems to tolerate all baby foods but requires her mother to spoon-feed. Ricky’s mother is quite frustrated and concerned that he will become malnourished.
Reflective Questions
1. What additional assessment information would you collect?
2. What questions would you ask, and how would you further explore this issue with the mother?
3. In what ways does the distance of the extended family influence this family’s approach to health promotion?
4. What factors would you consider to determine whether malnourishment is a factor in this family?
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